The brief details the impact illicit economies have on armed groups and political dynamics in Libya. It assesses the state of play of the main illicit markets in the country: fuel smuggling, drug trafficking, mercenaries, arms and ammunition smuggling, and migrant smuggling and trafficking.
Over the past 24 hours, Tripoli has witnessed a rapid escalation in armed confrontations involving key factions aligned with the Government of National Unity (GNU)
This report examines how Sudan’s civil war has reshaped the country’s human smuggling landscape, highlighting the growing reliance of refugees on smugglers to escape the
I am a consultant, researcher and policy professional specializing in governance, security sector reform, and armed group dynamics across North Africa and the Sahel. I support institutions through applied research, strategic advisory, and conflict-sensitive programming.